![]() ![]() Accurate reporting will enable appropriate risk/benefit analyses, comparison across studies, and reproducibility of findings in future clinical trials. Recent evidence from clinical trials of KDTs in adults highlights the importance and variability of reporting of diet type used, study attrition rates, methods for assessing dietary compliance, and reported side-effects related to diet therapy. Recent clinical trials of ketogenic diets in adults Although ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) has been in use for nearly one century for the management of epilepsy, the last two decades have seen a surge in clinical interest in using KDTs in the fields of neurology, oncology, obesity, diabetes, and performance enhancement, among many others. ![]() In addition, there is growing interest in therapeutic uses of ketogenic dietary supplements such as ketone esters and salts as well as medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), commonly present in coconut and/or palm kernel oil, as alternative methods of achieving nutritional ketosis. The low glycemic index treatment (LGIT) recommends 40–60 g daily of carbohydrates (carbs) with glycemic indices less than 50 and approximately 60% of dietary energy derived from fat and 20–30% from protein. The modified Atkins diet (MAD) is typically composed of a net 10–20 g/day carbohydrate limit, which is equivalent to a ratio of 1–2: 1 of fat to protein and carbohydrates. More ‘relaxed’ or modified variant forms of the ketogenic diet have emerged over the last 20 years to decrease rigidity and improve compliance. ![]() The classic ketogenic diet is typically composed of a 4: 1 ratio (in grams) of fat to protein and carbohydrates. The ketogenic diet is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketone body production through fat metabolism with the goal of mimicking a fasting state, shifting the predominant caloric source from carbohydrate to fat. ![]()
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